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The New Theory of The Global Warming
26/01/2002 (Michal Kravcik, Jan Hronsky, Jaroslav Tesliar, Robert Zvara – People and water)
| Hydrological cycleThe water that in the form of the rain falls on the earth’s surface of the Blue planet is from Blue planet. Evaporated water from water level (oceans) and the lands (continents) gets into the atmosphere and creates protective coating of the Blue planet. Saturated water steams make clouds and by the drop of the temperature they turn to rain. The raindrops fall on the earth’s surface and penetrate into the ground and make the groundwater. If there are too many drops they penetrate into the underground waters and later they spring on the earth’s surface, where they create streams and rivers. If there are extremely many drops the rainwater flows into the ditches, creeks and rivers. | Ground water evaporates into the atmosphere and is a part of a little hydrological cycle. The underground water saturates the streams and creates the basic conditions for hydrological network of the creeks and rivers. The underground water and rainwater flows away by rivers into the oceans and belongs to a large hydrological cycle. By the lowering of the natural accumulation of waters in the soil, we lower the volume of water in the soil and the atmosphere, we increase the outflow of the rainwater by rivers to the oceans that increase the volume of water in the oceans. This means that the increased outflow of the rainwater from the continent will never return back on the continent, because the evaporated water from the oceans on principles does not increase. |
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| The Slovak CaseThe average rainfall in Slovakia gets up to 700 mm. The least of the rainfalls falls down in January and February and the most falls from May till August (see graph – red arrows describe prognosis for future). In Slovakia falls a year about 34,5 mld. m3 water in the rain form. From Slovakia flows away in average 33 % of water (11.5-mld. m3 a year) and 23,0 mld. m3 stays in the country and is a part of a little hydrological cycle. The total length of the watercourses in Slovakia is 48.000 km. The area of Slovakia is 49.060 km2 with 5.300.000 habitants is relatively rangy – hilly form the lowlands to the mountains. There is 41% of the forests, 57% of agricultural and other lands and 2% of urban areas in more than 2.800 residences. | After the 2 world war in Slovakia were started developing programs that industrialised and urbanised the state. Out of the countries structure were removed eco stability elements (balks-terraces, bogs, groves and spread out greens). More than 500.000 ha of the agricultural land have been drained, more than 15.000 km of catch-water-drains has been built and more than 8.000 km of watercourses has been canalised. In the woodland ecosystems, naked way of getting the wooden mass has started up. All the activities than human being has been and is doing in the wetlands affect a faster outflow of rain waters from rivers following to the oceans that limits the natural accumulations of rainwater in the wetlands. |
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| In the 20 century was a long time decrease of rainfall in Slovakia of 5.6%. The periods are extending without any rain. There is a long-term drop of volume of the rainfall of 3,5 mld. m3 in the month of September to May each year. There is frequent appearance of extreme intensive rainfalls in the summer month (Jun – August) and also general trend growth of volume of the rainfall in the mentioned summer month of 1,5 mld. m3. In the uplands (mountains) areas rains more and in the valleys less than in the past. The general outflow of volume of water is also decreasing but not so intensively. A year fall of the outflow is 1,58 mld. m3, while the year’s fall of volume of the rainfall gets up to 2 mld. m3. That means that Slovakia drying up.A year’s fall of water in the wetlands exceeds 1%. In the 20th century the fall of water got up to approximately 12 mld. m3. The fall of the water supplies in process of last 100 years, may logically reach 100%. | Out of this consideration results that the process of draining may cause a complete drainage in the wetlands. This process has been started close after the 2 world war. The drainage of the land areas is the most intensive in the agricultural and urbanised country. Result of the drainage process is that the long-term rainfalls are decreasing, but their intensity is increasing, very much like the periods with no rain that are extending. The baked out agricultural and urbanised country overheats faster and by this the differences of temperatures of the earth’s surface in-between the valleys and mountain are raising. The raised difference of temperatures causes that in the mountain areas rains more and intensively and in the valleys less. The periods with no rain are extending and also in the warm summer month rains more and the other month less than in the past. On the regional level comes across to growth of extreme rainfalls with often occurrence of floods and overflows similarly as frequent occurrence in the no rain periods. |
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Table 1: Influence of human activities on the decrease or increase of freshwater in the Slovak river basins
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| Algorithm of drainageLet’s try to hypothetically imagine that today we have landed on the Blue planet that has untouched virgin nature. A human being enters into this paradise to build for his need – houses, industrial parks, shops, restaurants, and roads that he will connect with the agricultural country. He cuts the woods and he drains the land because he is sure to get more food this way. For his needs he cuts and uproots for example 100 km2 of the rain forest. | Lets suppose that man adjusted the land area for his needs and the surplus water he canalised to creeks such that the original water flow 200mm he increased for example to 500mm. That means that by this interference the man caused increased outflow of 300 mm a year out of the uprooted areas. By this action of man is the fall of water out from the little hydrological cycle 30 mil. m3. Next year from the drained area will flow away the next 30 mil. m3. The same thing will happen every third, tenth, hundredth, thousandth year. In the process of 100 years the mentioned act of a human being will cause destruction of 5 mld. fresh waters from the little hydrological cycle. |
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| But the population is growing and growing and so are its requests. To original areas adds more and more. If the continents are urbanised (roofed up, over asphalted and canalised areas) in the range approximately 1% of the total surface of continents, for the supposed increase of the loose of water each year decrease 450 mld. m3 of rain water from the continents. But except urbanisation that liquidates the water from the continents, we destroy the original forests (Each year we cut down approximately 140.000 km2), drain agricultural land, destroy bogs, and change the structure of our country. That means that a year’s decrease of water is higher. If we would only urbanised the surroundings, than for the mentioned parameters of increased outflow of rain waters, we would in the run of 100 years destroy approximately 45.000 mld. m3 of fresh water from the continents and add to the oceans.The period of 100 years we state for a purpose of so that we can understand the time coherence of liquidation of the fresh waters. | The next very important fact of the continent drainage is that the mentioned 45.000 mld. m3 of fresh water was a part of a little hydrological cycle. That means that the fresh water above the continents use to be a part of the atmosphere of the Blue planet. By liquidation of water from the continent we also liquidate water from the atmosphere. A long-term liquidation of water on the surface of the earth causes the thinning of the protective cover of the atmosphere and also a consistent decrease of the volume of rainfall.The man drains residences with an easier accessibility of natural supplies. That causes an uneven increase of temperatures on the earth’s surface between the plains and the mountains areas. An uneven increase of temperatures on the earth’s surface causes higher intensity of diffusing phenomenon in the atmosphere and increased cumulate of water steams in the atmosphere above the cooler zones. The result is an occurrence of frequent and extreme rains, which the following creates catastrophic floods and overflows. |
| The periods of little hydrological cycle and the increase level of the oceansThe industrialisation of natural ecosystems causes permanent destruction of the fresh water from the continents and its accumulation in the oceans. There is also a fall of water from the atmosphere what increases the intensity of sun emission. That means that the growth of temperature is functionally depended on the flat liquidation of water from the continents and also from the atmosphere. In the case of Slovakia there is a year decrease of 250. mil. m3 of fresh water. If the intensity of industrialisation of a country in the world refers to intensity of industrialisation of country in Slovakia, than from the continents disappears approximately 1800 mld. m3 of the fresh water each year. 100 years of drainage of the continents in the mentioned intensity causes the liquidation approximately 180.000 mld. m3 of fresh water. |
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The drainage of the continents causes the increase of the oceans level. If we would completely drain the continents we would cause the increase of the oceans level of approximately 0,5 m. The size of drainage in the final result causes overheating of the blue planet what follows the start of melting the icebergs the uncontrolled increase of the oceans level. Out of a simple thought results that we have in the past 100 years caused increase of the oceans level by approximately 10 cm. The critical growth of the oceans level occurred after the 2 world war. If we continue the drainage the levels will increase by approximately 40 cm in the following 50 years. According to a panel board about the climate changes from January 2001 (Shanghai) adjusted scenarios of the increasing levels of the oceans move in the intervals 40-90 cm.By overheating of the continents we cause the iceberg melting. By defrosting the entire iceberg the levels of the oceans will increase probably up to approximately 70 meters. Out of this results a simple conclusion. The intensity of drainage after the 2 world war started monstrous processes of the global warming and already in the 21st century will probably come to defrost of icebergs. |
| The period of dramatic changes in the crust of the earthDefreeze of icebergs will cause the change of splitting the mass of the blue planet and this way the change of the weight of the crust of the earth. Those parts of the earths crust that have been loaded by ice will be outweighed and other parts of the crust will be loaded by a mass of water approximately 70 cm thick. | That will cause the tension with possible orogenetic movements non-previous parameters in the crust. Also may happen that earth’s disks that are above the surface of the sea will drop underneath the surface and otherwise. By orogenesis of the crust probably will come to a creation of expansive and short inland water areas on the new continents in which the water will stay in the frozen state if comes to the cooling of the planet. |
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| The period of the planets temperature drop and fall of the oceans levelThe embedded large area of continents will cause the temperature drop that after the glacial epoch will start up. A long-term drop of the ocean level will occur and so will the stage-by-stage water stacking in the form of ice or snow on the continents. | The decrease of the oceans level will last for hundreds and maybe thousands of years, very much like ice layering on the fresh created continents. Along with this, uncovering of land in the equator zone (In-between the tropics) will run as well. The process of dropping the oceans will last until the equalised age of the temperature regime between the iced areas and the areas that by the drop of the oceans will rise from the water. On the continents on the north and south from the tropics icebergs of some 100 meters thick will be produced. |
| The period of renewal of the little hydrological cycle and a renewal of the ecosystemsIn the zone between the tropics will automatically renew a hydrological cycle. It will rain almost all the time in a short intervals. The whole blue planet will be cover by a protective coat of saturated water steams in he atmosphere. The sun will have a little chance to penetrate through the thick clouds onto the earth’s surface. In this environment vegetation will recover in the zone between the tropics. The vegetation will spread and grow since it will have a great quantity of water. The life will have the opportunity to recover and the rest of civilisation will start up a new populating explosion. Between the tropics will be a zone of a mild climate that at presence we would relate to the Scandinavian countries and Canada. In the zone between the tropics will appear a new large continent in the territory of Polynesia connected with Australia and Indonesia. From the deep oceans will raise spread islands south from India (region Maldives) and in the regions of Galapagos. The Red sea will perish and so will the Gulf of Persia. Black sea will probably stay, as an inland lake etc., etc., if we assume that orogenesis of the earth crust won’t happen. |
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| Considerations about the possible solutionsOut of the signed algorithm of liquidation of hydrological cycle we may constant that the drainage runs at the use of the earth’s surface, which destroy the plains of water from the wetlands in a long-terms. That means if we destroy the plains of water, it is needed to recover this plains of water in the wetlands. Until now all around the world people do it the other way around. We destroy the water plains in the wetlands and artificially we renew it in the water tanks that are provisional tenable solutions for a short time. The case of Slovakia only confirms this. | In Slovakia industrialisation of the country destroyed plainly 15 mld. m3 and in the water tanks we’ve renewed artificially 2,8 mld. This results that if we want to survive the 21st century we need to start off on all the continents plain renew of water in the natural ecosystems and by this we’ll have a chance to renew our original hydrological cycle even for the whole global ecosystem that is called the Blue planet so that we have a large stock of water for the nature, food and human being. From this reason we recommend, the worldwide and prioritised in countries with more damaged hydrological cycle to build up quickly programs for the plain renewal of fresh waters in the wetlands. We have approximately 10 years. |
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